Versions Compared

Key

  • This line was added.
  • This line was removed.
  • Formatting was changed.

Radio frequency spectrum characteristics, and their its associated policies, impact all forms of wireless internet service delivery, including satellite - and WiFiWi-Fi based technologies. Radio frequency spectrum in Canada is managed by the Ministry of Innovation, Science, and Economic Development (formerly Industry CanadaISED). Spectrum is a finite public resource utilized by various bodies, including commercial private sector entities and their consumers, as well as public sector entities including defence, police, emergency responders, and researchers. 

Spectrum is periodically divided into frequency bands, which are allocated for one or more specific uses by international voting decisions at the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC), which is supported by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), an agency of the United Nations.

Countries usually adapt global policies developed by the WRC and ITU, and allocate frequency bands on a domestic basis. While the ITU coordinates frequency for different services (broadcasting, mobile, radio, etc.), individual countries determine how those frequencies are subdivided geographically and in terms of channel size. 

In Canada, these are set out in The Canadian Table of Frequency Allocations (CTFA). Canadian spectrum allocations tend to align with those of the United States, allowing network operators to take advantage of economies of scale achieved by US telecommunications equipment ecosystems specific to each band.

Only a fraction of the complete electromagnetic spectrum can support radio communication, which is why it is important to use the resource as efficiently as possible. As radio communication technology advances, spectrum utilization becomes more efficient. This “spectral efficiency” allows a single block of spectrum to deliver a greater capacity or bits or to service more subscribers. 

The Spectrum Management System (formerly Spectrum Direct) is a public database that allows users to view data collected and managed by the Canadian Spectrum Program, and search for spectrum used for communications and broadcasting purposes according to geographic area, frequency, licensee name, and other parameters.  

Table 4. A curated and summarized list of radio frequency spectrum assigned for broadband technologies


RADIO FREQUENCY BANDS (MHZ)

INTENDED USAGE

COMMENTS

 

Comments

Radio Frequency Bands (MHz)

Intended Usage

512 - 608,

614 - 698

    Previously for
  • For Remote Rural

  • Broadband Systems

  • (RRBS)
  • .114
    Recently, the 600 MHz
    band has been repurposed
    for commercial mobile use
    and digital TV.115
  • 96.
  • RRBS service providers can
  • continue to
  • operate on a secondary basis (i.e.

  • no-interference, no-protection)
  • for 2 years
    following the decision to repurpose the 600
    MHz band, after which the transition plan
    will be finalized.There are 24 RRBS stations in Alberta that
    will be impacted by the repurposing of this
    spectrum.116
  • , with broadcasters getting priority.
  • The frequency range 614-698 MHz was permanently removed from this category in 2019, and was reallocated for mobile broadband services97.

614-698 MHz

  • For Mobile Broadband Services. Was formerly for RBBS and over the air television
  • These spectrum licenses were auctioned off in 2019.
  • In Alberta, blocks are owned by Rogers, TELUS, and Freedom (now Shaw)98.

763 - 768,

793 - 798

  • Public Safety Broadband

  • Block (PSBB).
  • For public safety broadband

  • use.
  • The 700 MHz band was formerly used for

  • over-the-air television99.
  • 117
  • This frequency band is
  • favored
  • favoured for delivering

  • next-generation wireless services, as it

  • carries well over long distances and is able

  • to penetrate structures
  • well.118

Remaining 700 Mhz band

  • For mobile broadband service
    (MBS).

  • These spectrum licenses were auctioned off
    in 2014.

  • In Alberta, blocks are owned by Rogers,
    Telus, Vidéotron, and Bell.
    119

  • In each license area, companies that have
    access to two or more blocks of 700 MHz
    — either through auction or spectrum sharing
    — are required to deploy services to 90% of
    their existing broadband mobile coverage
    area within five years, and 97% within seven
    years of the auction.

  • In Alberta, this applies to Telus and Rogers
    by 2021.

  • 100.

2500 - 2690

  • For broadband radio services

  • (BRS).
  • These spectrum licenses were auctioned off

  • in 2015.
  • In Alberta, blocks are owned by
  • Telus
  • TELUS, Bell,

  • Rogers,
  • and
  • Corridor Communications Inc.,

  • Videotron, and Bragg Communications101.
  • 120
  • This spectrum is best suited for expanding

  • the capacity of mobile systems in urban

  • areas.
  • Not ideally suited for mobile systems

  • covering expansive rural and remote areas.
  •  

902 - 928, 

2400 -2483.5,

5150 - 5350,

5470 - 5600,

5650 - 5850,

24050 - 24250

  • For wireless broadband services

  • (no spectrum license required).
  • License exempt spectrum102.
  • 121 
  • Devices must adhere to specific Radio

  • Standard Specifications.
  • Services operate under a secondary

  • allocation basis (i.e. no protection and

  • no-interference
  • ).

3650 - 3700

    For wireless broadband services
    (spectrum license required
  • ).
  • Licensing is shared wherein all licensees have
    equal access to the spectrum.122

  • Currently no annual spectrum licence fees.

3475 - 3650

  • For fixed wireless access

  • (spectrum license required).
  • Spectrum in some Tier 4 localized service

  • areas has been made available for licensing.
  • Annual spectrum licence fees apply103.
  • 123
  • Devices must adhere to specific Radio

  • Standard Specifications
  • .124, 125
  • 104,105.

3500106

  • 200 MHz of spectrum available for “flexible use” such as mobile 5G or fixed wireless.
  • To be auctioned off in June 2021.
  • There will be 50 MHz “set aside” spectrum in markets where enough spectrum is available for smaller and regional competitors.

3650 - 3700

  • For wireless broadband services (spectrum license required).
  • Licensing is shared wherein all licensees have equal access to the spectrum107.
  • Currently no annual spectrum licence fees.

4940 - 4990

  • For fixed and mobile services in

  • support of public safety.
  • The primary uses of this band are designated

  • for broadband mobile services for public safety,

  • and fixed systems that support these broadband

  • mobile systems108.
  • 126

 

 

  • Additional spectrum in the 8 GHz range for public safety is being planned for auction in the ISED Spectrum Outlook 2018 to 2022.

In evolving rules around the future uses of spectrum, Innovation, Science and Economic Development works to ensure that Canadian spectrum users have enough for next generation technologies, and are also in step with the United States. The federal ministry’s most recent strategic outlook for spectrum was published in 2018, and is called Spectrum Outlook 2018 to 2022. It includes plans for supplying next generation 5G technologies, among other purposes.




References

96ISED. RSS-196. February 2019. Accessed 10 March 2021.

97ISED. Consultation

References

114. Industry Canada. CPC-2-1-24. 2 August 2011. Accessed 12 June 2016.
115. Industry Canada. Decision on Repurposing the 600 MHz Band. 3 September 2016. Accessed 13 June 201610 March 2021.116. Industry Canada. Decision on Repurposing the 600 MHz Band

98ISED. 600 MHz Auction — Final Results. 10 April 2019. Accessed 10 March 2021.

99ISED. . 3 September 2016. Accessed 13 June 2016.
117. Industry Canada. Policy and Technical Framework. 12 March 2014. Accessed 12 June 201610 March 2021.

118. Industry Canada100ISED. 700 MHz Spectrum Auction FAQs. 19 February 2014. Accessed 12 June 201610 March 2021.

119. Government of Canada. Archived - 700 MHz Spectrum Auction-Process and Results, 19 February 2014. Accessed 12 June 2016.
120. Industry Canada. 101ISED. 2500 MHz Auction - Final Results, 25 June 2015. Accessed 12 June 201610 March 2021.

121. Industry Canada102ISED. Radio Spectrum Management Update, April 2015. Accessed 12 June 2016.

122. 103Industry Canada. CPC-2-1-26. November 2010. Accessed 12 June 2016.
123. Industry Canada. Notice No. DGRB-008-99. 2011. Accessed 12 June 2016.

124. 104Industry Canada. Gazette Notice DGSO-007-14. 3 January 2015. Accessed 12 June 2016.

125. 105Industry Canada. SRSP-303.4. December 2008. Accessed 12 June 2016.

106ISED. 3500 MHz band spectrum auction - Canada.ca. 05 June 2020. Accessed 10 March 2021.

107Industry Canada. CPC-2-1-26. 06 June 2016. Accessed 10 March 2021.

108126. Industry Canada. CPC-2-0-19. 1 November 2008. Accessed 12 June 2016.